Emissions control catalysis is one of the most quietly transformative technologies of the modern era. In just a few decades, catalytic converters have cut toxic pollutants from vehicles and engines by more than 95%, turning once‑polluted cities into breathable environments and preventing millions of premature deaths worldwide. This success didn’t happen by accident - it came from relentless innovation in catalyst design, materials science, reaction engineering and advanced characterisation. But the job isn’t finished. As new fuels, hybrid powertrains, distributed energy systems and global megacities emerge, the demands on emissions‑control catalysts are becoming more complex. Even with the advent of electric vehicles, emissions control catalysts will remain extremely important in some sectors.